RISK FACTORS

Paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancers are rare and form a very heterogenous group, among which squamous cell carcinoma is the commonest. Apart from smoking,the other common risk factor is exposure to certain chemicals or dust in the workplace.

SYMPTOMS

There may be no signs or symptoms in the early stages. Signs and symptoms may appear as the tumor grows. Early signs resemble common cold, but once the tumour leaves the confines of the paranasal sinus, they involve critical areas very fast. Check with the doctor if you have:

• Blocked sinuses that do not clear, or sinus pressure.
• Headaches or pain in the sinus areas.
• A runny nose.
• Nosebleeds
• A lump or sore inside the nose that does not heal.
• A lump on the face or roof of the mouth.
• Numbness or tingling in the face.
• Swelling of the eyes, double vision, watreing of the eyes or the eyes pointing in different directions.
• Pain in the upper teeth, loose teeth, or dentures that no longer fit well.
• Pain or pressure in the ear.

DIAGNOSIS

Tests that examine the sinuses and nasal cavity are used to diagnose paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer. The following tests and procedures may be used:

• History
• Physical exam of the nose, face, and neck
• Endoscopic examination of the nose
• CT scan or MRI
• Biopsy

TREATMENTS

The treatment is usually surgical, depending on site, size, extension of the tumour and the general condition of the patient. Since they are usually advanced at the time of diagnosis, they require extensive reconstructions. The decision making regarding the eyeball is tough, specially if it is involved, but vision is intact. Extension to the brain also has to be evaluated carefully.